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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical area of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was developed to drive away Viking intruders and a charter of 1163 AD shows that Malcolm IV was living there back then. Throughout this period the town was a busy trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its very own harbour till 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh standing was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among 3 primary communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a large amount of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also a few of the most awful offenders were members of the nobility. According to records kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in in between Lord Banff and also James Ogilvie, his family member. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his pals as well as followers after that struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and also completing him off with a pistol shot. Banff and Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This unforeseeable river was finally subjugated by the 7 arched bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been integrated in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was revived right into use, up until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing roadway was in a sad state of repair work. Later 19th century transport improvements included the structure of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was essential to the herring trade, with production peaking in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, nevertheless by 1912 production had declined to just over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages talked in the town and also in its location often tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.