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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical region of Banffshire. Banff’s very first castle was developed to repel Viking invaders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there back then. During this duration the community was an active trading centre in the “totally free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its own harbour up until 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among three principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen as well as Montrose. There was a good deal of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and a few of the most awful offenders were members of the nobility. According to records maintained by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house as well as jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of an altercation in between Lord Banff and also James Ogilvie, his family member. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends as well as followers then assaulted Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and also finishing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and also Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unforeseeable river was ultimately tamed by the 7 curved bridge completed in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was revived right into usage, till it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike road in between Turiff and Banff as the existing road remained in a depressing state of repair. Later on 19th century transport improvements consisted of the building of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was important to the herring profession, with manufacturing peaking in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had actually declined to simply over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the community and in its vicinity often tend to be the Doric language of Scots, and English.