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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historic region of Banffshire. Banff’s very first castle was constructed to repel Viking intruders and also a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there back then. During this duration the community was a busy trading centre in the “totally free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its very own harbour until 1775. The first recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh status was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among three principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen as well as Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and also a few of the most awful culprits were participants of the nobility. According to documents kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house as well as prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of an altercation between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his close friends and fans then attacked Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and finishing him off with a gun shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was lastly tamed by the seven curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was revived right into use, until it was lost in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 and passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road between Turiff and also Banff as the existing road remained in an unfortunate state of repair work. Later 19th century transport improvements consisted of the building of two train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy and also Strathisla Railway in 1859 which connected to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was important to the herring trade, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, nonetheless by 1912 production had declined to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages spoken in the town and in its vicinity tend to be the Doric language of Scots, and also English.