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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s very first castle was built to push back Viking intruders as well as a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there back then. Throughout this period the community was a busy trading centre in the “complimentary hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its own harbour up until 1775. The initial documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh status was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of three principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a large amount of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and some of the worst wrongdoers were members of the nobility. According to documents maintained by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his buddies and also fans then assaulted Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street as well as completing him off with a pistol shot. Banff and also Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was ultimately subjugated by the seven curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been integrated in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferryboat was brought back right into use, until it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road between Turiff and Banff as the existing road remained in a sad state of fixing. Later on 19th century transport enhancements included the structure of two railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy and Strathisla Train in 1859 which linked to the primary Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was essential to the herring profession, with production coming to a head in 1853 at more than sixty-thousand barrels, of which almost thirty-four thousand were exported, nonetheless by 1912 production had actually declined to simply over 8 thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the community and in its area often tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.