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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s first castle was built to drive away Viking invaders and a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. During this period the community was an active trading centre in the “complimentary hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, despite not having its very own harbour till 1775. The very first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was conferred by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of three principal towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, as well as several of the most awful wrongdoers were participants of the nobility. According to records kept by chronicler William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse and prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of a run-in between Lord Banff and James Ogilvie, his family member. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton throughout a court hearing. Twenty of his good friends and also followers after that assaulted Ogilvie with swords before chasing him into the street and finishing him off with a gun shot. Banff and also Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was lastly tamed by the seven curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had been integrated in 1765, but was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was restored into usage, until it was lost in a flooding in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 as well as passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing road remained in a depressing state of repair. Later 19th century transport improvements consisted of the building of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which linked to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery District (making up the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was important to the herring trade, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 manufacturing had decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages talked in the town as well as in its location have a tendency to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.