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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a previous royal burgh, as well as is the county town of the historical county of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was constructed to drive away Viking intruders as well as a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there during that time. During this period the community was a hectic trading centre in the “free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its own harbour until 1775. The initial recorded Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, as well as in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was one of three principal communities exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, along with Aberdeen and also Montrose. There was a large amount of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, as well as some of the worst offenders were participants of the nobility. According to documents maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house as well as jail) of Banff was, in 1628, the website of a run-in between Lord Banff as well as James Ogilvie, his relative. Supposedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his friends and also followers then attacked Ogilvie with swords before chasing him right into the street and finishing him off with a gun shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unforeseeable river was finally tamed by the 7 curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been integrated in 1765, yet was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was restored into usage, up until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public conference was held in 1800 and passed a resolution for the structure of a turnpike roadway in between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway was in a depressing state of repair. Later on 19th century transportation improvements consisted of the structure of two train lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and also the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Railway in 1859 which connected to the major Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (making up the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring profession, with production coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which virtually thirty-four thousand were exported, nevertheless by 1912 manufacturing had actually decreased to just over eight thousand barrels. Currently, the languages talked in the town and also in its location have a tendency to be the Doric language of Scots, and English.