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Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical region of Banffshire. Banff’s initial castle was built to ward off Viking intruders and a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. Throughout this period the community was a hectic trading centre in the “cost-free hanse” of Northern Scottish burghs, regardless of not having its own harbour until 1775. The first documented Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh status was provided by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was just one of three principal towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, together with Aberdeen and Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and a few of the most awful transgressors were participants of the nobility. According to documents maintained by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (courthouse as well as prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in in between Lord Banff and also James Ogilvie, his family member. Reportedly, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his pals and followers then struck Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him right into the street and finishing him off with a pistol shot. Banff as well as Macduff are separated by the valley of the River Deveron. This uncertain river was ultimately tamed by the 7 arched bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was brought back right into usage, until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was kept in 1800 and passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road between Turiff as well as Banff as the existing roadway remained in an unfortunate state of repair service. Later on 19th century transport renovations consisted of the building of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 and the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Railway in 1859 which linked to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. During the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (comprising the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was very important to the herring trade, with manufacturing coming to a head in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which nearly thirty-four thousand were exported, nevertheless by 1912 production had actually declined to simply over eight thousand barrels. Presently, the languages talked in the town and in its vicinity often tend to be the Doric language of Scots, as well as English.